An individual has an internal locus of control if he/she believes that he/she can control the events in his/her life. Journal of Administrative Science Vol.14, Issue 1, 2017 Available online at http:jas.uitm.edu.my Factors Affecting Project Governance in Ethical Decision Making for Public Sector Project Procurement - A Delphi Study Aliza Abu Hassima, Stephen Kajewskib, Bambang Trigunarsyahc aSenior Lectuer, Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Factors affecting quality of oral care in intensive care units. Similarly, the student, when entered into college or university, they prefer to use Nokia handsets (Dutta, 2009). Social norms represent patterns of behaviour similarly judged by others (Alm et al., 1999). The purpose of this study was to examine if a correlation exists between the independent variables leadership and decision-making, and the dependent variable ethical behavior. The All these factors were found to either encourage or discourage purchase of green products. Drucker's Care in hiring practices 7. This study aimed to explore and describe factors that affect professional ethics in nursing practice in Iran. The study was guided by the following research objectives: to relate how English capacity among the students affects the student academic performance, to relate the how the teaching and learning facilities such as (text . of behavior. The researchers' focus was therefore on providing models that explain ethics, factors affecting decision making Ethics is a code of honor that individuals live by. Ethical behavior: Ethical behavior is acting in ways consistent with what society and individuals typically think are good values (Suhonen et al., 2011). 2. This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis approach. [Google Scholar] Furr AL, Binkley CJ, McCurren C, Carrico R (2004). The individual factors that affect the ethical standards in are the unmet goals, greed and lack of ethical and technical skills. The first factor influencing business ethics in any situation is the culture. Personal Code of Ethics. desire to please authority can cause people to suspend their own ethical judgment. Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance. Factors Affecting Behavior of an Individual in the Organization. Remarkably, the past generation of behavioral genetic research has led 1 an example of integrity and ethical behavior 4. Ethics is a code of honor that individuals live by. The disqualifying factors are those that, when present in an organization, are likely to increase unethical behavior, and the qualifying factors are those that ethical behaviors standards and lack of existing internal research regarding factors affecting ethical behavior. 6. Conversely, acknowledging that indi- The Person Ethical beliefs of people in organizational settings and the factors that influence those beliefs are family influences, religious values, personal standards, and personal needs. servance of ethics in consumer behavior is a new issue that was actually identified and investigated in the process of reviewing and analyzing con-sumer behavior and its effects on sales and the trade of sports products (19, 20). 3. The decisions taken well will lead to good business development and personal well-being and the employees who work in the business. The most important influence on ethical behavior in the workplace is overall company culture, which determines whether employees are valued or belittled and whether stakeholders are treated with trust or suspicion. Also, age and gender of employees did not affect the ethical leadership behaviors, however seniority of the employee had an impact on the ethical leadership behavior perceptions. The Two-Factor Model of Ethical Culture is similarly comprised of both positive aspects (Qualifiers) and negative, hygiene factors (Disqualifiers). Organizational Factors Affecting Individual Ethical Behaviour Findings mentioned in the introduction provide first evidence that some organizational factors affect individual behaviour, but not to the point of whatsoever denying individual moral conscience, freedom and corresponding responsibility. The locus of control of an individual affects the degree to which he perceives his behavior as influencing his life. The more information that you have about a subject, the better chance you will make an informed, ethical decision. Ethical Leader Behavior Recently, research on ethical leader behavior in organizations has increased and several studies and a number of theoretical articles have begun to address ethical leadership and its correlates (for a review see Brown & Treviño, 2006). Other factors influencing unethical behavior identified by Cooper and Frank (1991) is more to do with the goals set about by the company. professional ethics from the perspective of multi-variate relationships, while the conceptual under-standing of professional ethics, its components and factors affecting it has been less considered. Sheikh Muhammad Hussein (2011), factors affecting health, administrative and moral development of its Islamic Research, First year, second edition. 3.8 Ethical . stated that, the model identifies the factors that influence decision makers to behave in certain situations, either ethically or unethically. Organizations can affect individuals' perceptions of ethical behavior by creating a culture that rewards ethical behavior and employee involvement, training, and modeling ethical behavior. A key personality variable which may affect the ethical behavior of an individual is his/her locus of control. The level of non-compliance will decrease if the reference group signal the non-compliance behaviour is acceptable of a Tax payer. Factors Affecting Ethical Organizational Decision Making When an individual or group of individuals in an organization makes a decision, there are both individual factors as described above, in addition there are organizational factors come into play and affect the final decision. Our objective is not to point out which practices are ethical and which are unethical. Other individual factors include moral disengagement, selfish genes and social class effect issues. There are many factors that affect the ethical responsibilities of the team members in the workplace. Personal values and morals, 14. stated that, the model identifies the factors that influence decision makers to behave in certain situations, either ethically or unethically. Most people believe that individuals make ethical choices because of individual integrity which is true, but it is not the whole story. Many individual factors affect a person's ethical behavior at work, such as knowledge, values, personal goals, morals and personality. Plethora of empirical studies is available on ethical behavior. Ethical and Unethical Factors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the influence of certain socio-cultural factors on the The A person who has good parenting and value based education at the early stage of his life has a better ethical conduct compared to a person who is not gone through such socialisation process. Confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS was used for analysing data. The focus of this research is that student performance in intermediate examination is linked with students' outline Therefore, considering both the lack of studies that have focused on these factors at once and the unique opportunity to study them in the context of such an unprecedented global pandemic, we adopted an integrative approach to get one of the first overviews of the role of the several psychological factors influencing consumer behavior. If… Ethical Behavior Influence of rewards, peers, roles, authority figures, and diffusion of responsibility Reward Systems Single most important influence - individuals tend to follow reward system and seeks to avoid punishment; Guidelines for punishment and shaping behavior to appropriate types - fairness of punishment. Therefore, for achieving ethical behavior criteria and ethical principle dominance in employees' behaviors, and effective factors of employees' ethical behavior should be identified. Job security is one of the most crucial factors affecting employee behaviour. There are various challenges in an effective organization that could directly or indirectly affect the behavior of the employees. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ethical restraints are more effective that certain crude controls such as police or economic incentives. The study focused on the factors that affect the academic performance in secondary schools in Ilala district. 1. Factors that lead to ethical and unethical behavior Factors that lead to ethical and unethical behavior • Issue Intensity - six characteristics determine issue intensity or how important an ethical issue is to an individual: - Greatness of harm - Consensus of wrong - Probability ABSTRACT: The study focused on the factors affecting the inculcation of moral behaviour in youths within families in Ohaozara Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The objectives of the study focused on ascertaining how socio-economic factors, modern technology, Some of them are. A safe way to report improper conduct is in place Abstract - Many practical studies are carried out to investigate factors affecting college students' performance. A re-searcher in a study entitled evaluation of profes-sional ethics of employees of Tehran dispute reso- Leadership: Leadership is the process in the context of a shared group membership in which Leadership effectiveness is contingent on followers' effectiveness (Van Knippenberg, 2011). perception of its ethics affect its reputation and ensure long-term success or failure. This study was conducted to examine different factors influencing the academic performance of students in higher institution case of Rift valley university Jimma campus Ethiopia. Organizational Transparency and Trust 6. Bommer et al. Ethics is the aspect of conduct governing behavior of an individual or a group. •We believe in life after death and the day of judgment. Culture is a collection of the customs, norms and practices of a group of people. shareholder enrichment. Start studying Chapter 4 - Factors Affecting Ethical Decision Making. This study responds to the need to know the importance of knowing the factors that influence financial behavior. Results: The results show that the factors affecting ethical behavior of employees can be in the form of 12 components and 22 . Different cultures have norms that vary from place to place in the business world. determinants can be classified as either internal factors, e.g. Every individual is different from each other, as the behavior of the human is considered as the most complex one. Factors affecting the quality of diabetes care in primary health care centers in Tunis. Individual Factors<br />Factors affecting one's ethical behavior include:-<br /><ul><li>Stages of moral development, 13. factors, which stimulated the John to change its mobile phone, are many in numbers like price, features, speed etc. Factors influencing ethical behavior: 1). moderately ethical and a significant positive relationship existed between the two. Set high ethical goals . The focus of research is to explore those factors, which are affecting the consumer behavior Resolution data were analyzed using the statistical program Smart A questionnaire has been designed for this purpose, and it was distributed to selected accounting employees working in different business environments. Bommer et al. The Factors affecting business ethics are numerous, ranging from internal to external ones. knowledge, or external factors, e.g. Three main factors are influencing ethical behavior and are linked to each other, these three factors are, the person, the organization and the environment. A society generally expects individuals to have good behavior and shuns wicked tendencies. Understanding these factors along with reinforcement of educational planning in this field can improve healthcare services. However, previous related studies mainly focus on project factors that overlook the members of bidding groups and the . Also, measuring Consumer Buying Behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of the ultimate consumer. While the reasons are . There are two things involved while making ethical decisions; normative decisions which suggest that something is, better or worse, right or wrong, good or bad and secondly, morality which refers to the accepted standards of behavior by the society (Dessler, 2008). Individual Factors. Do not have complicated reporting systems. Chapter 4 Factors impacting on ethical behaviour in organisations 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Discussion of models 61 4.2.1 Bartel's model for ethics in marketing 61 4.2.2 Cavanagh, Moberg and Velasquez business ethics model 63 4.2.3 Ferrell and Gresham multi stage contingency model 63 . Factors Affecting Ethical Organizational Decision Making When an individual or group of individuals in an organization makes a decision, there are both individual factors as described above, in addition there are organizational factors come into play and affect the final decision. The number of questionnaires analyzed were (92) questionnaires. Factors Influencing Ethical Behavior Cont… 1. the main environmental factors that significantly affect the economic activity of multinational companies and their performance as well. usually correlate with high Tax ethics and willingness to comply, under Personal norms. The organization has reasonable objectives and goals—no undue pressure for short-term results 44. What defines ethical from unethical behavior can be formed in early childhood and carry through to adulthood. Generally, Ethics are the code of conduct that direct individuals or group. The influence of the internal and external organizational factors on individual ethical behaviour has been studied for a long time. Cooper and Frank point out that intense competition in the industry, which forces employees to focus on the bottom-line and not on business ethics, causes more unethical behavior. Results: The factors influencing ethical behavior were classified into four main categories including organizational factors, therapist related factors, client's family issues, and social factors. Peer influences, and 16. Cultural norms, the Internet and friends and family are three social factors that can affect ethical behavior. People also are wired to follow the crowd, to conform their behavior to that of their peers. The success of the organization and the society at large depends on the integrity and the adherence to ethical conduct by everyone in the society. The oldest contributions go back to Cressey who introduced the notion of "fraud triangle" ().Under his hypothesis, fraudulent behaviour is influenced by three factors: pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. Transparency at all levels is essential. Organizational Factors • Can affect influence participants behaviour • Degree of commitment of the organization's leader to ethical conduct • Commitment can be communicated through a code of ethics, policy statements, speeches, publications etc. Literature . social support, that are instrumental in understanding behavior. Some of these are listed below: PERSONAL FACTORS: There are many individual factors that affect ethical code in the workplace such as: Knowledge of the person. Hitt, Keats and DeMarie (1998) identified strategic challenges and discontinuities encountered by firms in 21. st. century . A man's personal code of ethics that is what one considers moral is the foremost responsible factor influencing his behavior. Through an extensive literature review, numerous factors affecting consumer green purchase behaviour were identified. For. Ethical factors may influence leaders to make sound decisions to protect the organization for unethical behavior. They include differences in the systems of laws across nations, accepted human resource management systems, organizational culture, and professional cultures and codes of conduct. Assistant Professor Doctor, Prince of songkla University,Hat Yai Campus Abstract Ethics is the rules in the mind of a person. Shabana Nawaz Khan 1. Work ethics achievement need, effort-reward expectations and values are important cultural factors having impact on the individual behaviour. Some internal factors considered to be important in advocating health-relevant behaviors are: (1) knowledge about risk factors and risk reduction, (2) Culture has been described simply as "the way we do things". Employees who are high self-monitor, possess an internal locus of control, and have a high need for power are more likely to engage in political behavior. Factors affecting ethical behavior of financial officers Apinan panjiang1 and Kasetchai Laeheem2 1. The basic factors can be named as leadership, strategy . These factors cause consumers to develop product and brand preferences. Further, he concluded that as we face increasingly complex and conflicting issues, our commitment to ethical behavior would be tested. A master of art in Human and Social Development Prince of Songkla University,Hatyai Campus 2. the factors affecting accountants and managers' ethical behavior. Factors affecting Ethical Choices. There are three major factors that can affect your ethical behavior: Individual factors, such as knowledge, values, personal goals, morals and personality. Political Factors . While the reasons are . Ethical values are a mechanism that controls behavior in business and in other walks of life. Consumers buyer behaviour is influenced by four major factors: 1) Cultural, 2) Social, 3) Personal, 4) Psychological. in a given class it is sometimes seen that there is a difference in achievement as a result of different factors that affect the academic achievement of students. Moreover, socio-cultural factors are beyond the control of foreign subsidiaries' managers. Deciding whether bid for the construction project is classic risk-based decision-making that is crucial to the survival and prosperousness of construction companies. factors is given below. If they do so in a situation in which the superior is not ethical, people are capable of doing terrible things (Glover, 2012). Work ethics and ethical behavior To understand what is the work ethics and what is meant by ethical behavior and what are the factors influencing the ethical behavior‚ we need to know the meaning of some key words.Ethics is a philosophical term derived from the Greek word "ethos" meaning character or custom and can be defined as the code of moral . This simple definition best explains how culture is regarded as one of the factors influencing business ethics. What defines ethical from unethical behavior can be formed in early childhood and carry through to adulthood. Family influences, 15. Religious Beliefs: •Our religious beliefs are the main foundation of our morals, value systems and ethical behavior. by Bommer et al. The factors that define ethical behaviors are diverse, but all factors unite when a person makes a final decision on how to act. To demonstrate knowledge and proficiency and understanding in biological, neurological, and physiological factors that affect human development, functioning, and behavior (2.F-3-e) The factors that define ethical behaviors are diverse, but all factors unite when a person makes a final decision on how to act. After reviewing the available literature on ethical behavior, studies can be categorized into individual factors, organizational factors and external factors. Human behavior is defined as the range of actions and behaviors exhibited by humans at certain stages of development. Legal Ethics and Responsibilities 1544-0044-24-S6-14 FACTORS AFFECTING ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR BASED ON SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING IN VIETNAM Phan Thanh Tam, Lac Hong University (LHU) Nguyen Van Dung, Lac Hong University (LHU) Tran Thi My Huong, Lac Hong University (LHU) ABSTRACT Social Media Marketing is understood as social media, and it is a . Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 68 (3): 237-243. Based on these factors, probable explanations can be suggested for the reported attitude-behaviour gap in green purchase behaviour. (1987) to identify and describe various factors, which affect ethical and unethical behaviour in organizations. Although many of these factors cannot be directly controlled by marketers, understanding of their impact is essential as marketing mix Political environment of the country will affect the individual behaviour not directly, but through several other factors. You must know what your team member is up to and vice-a-versa. Many factors, specificities and characteristics influence the individual in what he is and the consumer in his decision making process, shopping habits, purchasing behaviour, the brands he buys or the retailers he goes. Ethical behavior has become rampant remedy to be succeeded in business by pretending that it has unique characteristic. ethical leaders affect perceptions and attitudes of followers. Employees ought to be encouraged to respect their reporting bosses and follow the code of ethics. Ethics are defined as well established rules and laws that dictate what is judged by society as "right" or "wrong" while integrity is a person's value system which guides their behavior . Ethical or unethical business practices usually . Organizational factors affect ethical standards in public procurement. Therefore, it is very important to know what factors influence financial behavior. A system to manage conflicts of interest is in place 5. Researchers have identified certain personality traits, needs, and other factors that are likely to be related to political behavior. The objectives of the study focused on ascertaining how socio-economic factors, modern technology, Professional ethics refers to the use of logical and consistent communication, knowledge, clinical skills, emotions and values in nursing practice. According to the findings, both background and individual factors affect development of professional ethics in students. Organization success is mostly depends on different leaders. Tavalaee, R. (2011), Factors influencing the ethical behavior of employees in organizations, Journal of Human Development and the Police, Sixth Year, Number 25. INTRODUCTION Oneofthelongest,andattimesmostcontentious,debatesinWesternintellectual history concerns the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on human behavioral differences, the so-called nature-nurture debate (Degler 1991). •Good deeds will be rewarded and bad will be punished. behavior, addictive behavior, psychopathology, and situational and environmental factors the affect both human functioning, normal and abnormal behavior. 2. The present study aims to develop a questionnaire to identify factors affecting pharmacists' intentions to consult physician on drug-related problems found in outpatients with cardiovascular diseases using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a framework. When managers are accused of lying, cheating or stealing blame is usually placed on the individual or on the company situation. It is already stated that the Government will intervene and enact laws only when the businessmen become too . More contractors are adopting group bidding decision-making to reduce the number of incorrect decisions. Ethics is a "code of moral principles and values that governs a person behavior with respect to what is right or wrong" (Daft, 2008). Ethical behavior is influenced by two major categories of factors: individual characteristics and organizational factors.

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